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在國際評鑑計劃中,東亞地區學生的數理能力往往較西方國家為佳。現有學術文獻已就這個現象作深入探討,並提出東亞學生的文化特徵和模型。然而,鮮有研究以縱向的歷史角度,討論東亞教育制度下對於「學習者」的文化概念如何因應全球化的影響而演變。本文嘗試以香港的數學教育為研究個案,探討本地數學課程在教學重心及組織上的轉變。研究發現,該學科在教學上的轉變緣於現代個人主義的制度化過程 ── 社會整體愈益視學習者作為充權和自省的行動者。本研究致用縱向文本分析的研究方法,綜析四十二本於戰後出版的香港高小數學教科書的教學內容。研究結果顯示,歷年來課本及課程的教學愈加著重參與式教學、興趣啟發以及與扣連學生生活等概念。另外,政府官員、老師、本地壓力團體及學術專家等亦援用「以學生為本」的話語,推動課程改革。綜合而言,本研究認為世界政體理論相比歷史主義式的理論視野更有力地解釋數學課程內容的轉變。 ; East Asian learners usually outperform their Western counterparts in international mathematics assessment programs. Although the cultural traits of East Asian learners are well documented and analyzed, the cultural dynamics of the changing conception of "learner" in East Asia, especially under the influence of globalization, is under-explored. Taking Hong Kong as a case study, this paper explores the changes within the emphasis of instruction and organization of local mathematics curriculum across time. I contend that the shift of instruction within the school subject is due to the institutionalization of modern individualism, the process in which the conception of "learner as an empowered and self-reflexive actor becomes culturally legitimate in the society. I employ a longitudinal content analysis to track the changes of the instructional emphasis within 42 senior primary mathematics textbooks published in Hong Kong since World War II. It is revealed that despite the unique cultural and historical trajectory of educational development in Hong Kong, the curriculum embraces the ideas of participatory pedagogical approach, interest stimulation, and social relevance to students. Furthermore, it is found that governmental officials, teachers, local pressure groups and academic professionals draw scripts and models from the discourse of student centrism to drive curricular reforms. Results suggest that world polity theory is more applicable than the historicist perspective in accounting for the changes of the curriculum content. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Yip, Chun Ting Patrick. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese ...

In this research, the application of contemporary teaching aids in Mathematics teaching in elementary school was analyzed from the aspect of teachers, students and parents. The application of contemporary teaching aids in Mathematics teaching was analyzed through a sample of 100 students, and attitudes about the aids were examined from the points of view of students, teachers and parents. In this research, descriptive method, questionnaire and test were used. Results of the research are shown graphically and tabular, with description and discussion. In the conclusion, the benefits of applying contemporary teaching aids in Mathematics teaching are specified and explained.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Recent federal initiatives, most notably the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation, have exerted substantial influence on state and local decision-making. One element of the educational system that has been affected most directly and dramatically is curriculum articulation, particularly as it relates to holding school systems accountable for what students learn. ; This paper was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation (NSF).

International audience ; The broad interest of this paper lies in how a mathematics teacher, Mary, justifies her professional decision making. The reported study draws on aspects of a PhD project and analyses Mary's communications within a collaborative teacher meeting focused on the teaching of mathematics to grade five students. The analysis, drawing on social semiotics, highlighted the significance of artefacts, such as multiplication tests, in Mary's articulated decision making. We also give account for what is addressed in a teacher's justifications and how the teacher relates to her students in the justifications. Finally, we discuss the wider social and political context in which the teacher is working.

An Invitation to Critical Mathematics Education deals with a range of crucial topics. Among these are students' foreground, landscapes of investigation, and mathematics in action. The book is intended for a broad audience: educators, students, teachers, policy makers, anybody interested in the further development of mathematics education. The book discusses concerns and preoccupation. This way it provides an invitation into critical mathematics education.

Modern education aims to form a versatile and creative personality that will leave school equipped for life, and mathematical skills are deemed necessary skills to participate in modern society. So, one of the challenges of modern education is precisely to enable the conditions for the development of creativity in school. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the relevant literature to define the concept of creativity in mathematics teaching, point out the need to stimulate creativity in students and present some of the strategies for encouraging creativity in mathematics teaching. The paper presents the connection between mathematics teaching and creativity, as well as the factors that influence creativity in mathematics teaching. Strategies for encouraging creativity in teaching mathematics were also presented, as well as a presentation of games that can be used in teaching, with a review of their application in working with students with intellectual disabilities.

The Handbook of Mathematics Teacher Education, the first of its kind, addresses the learning of mathematics teachers at all levels of schooling to teach mathematics, and the provision of activity and programmes in which this learning can take place. It consists of four volumes. Volume 1 presents research and theoretically informed perspectives on Knowledge and Beliefs in Mathematics Teaching and Teaching Development. The chapters together address the "what" of mathematics teacher education, meaning knowledge for mathematics teaching and teaching development and consideration of associated beliefs. As well as synthesising research and practice over various dimensions of these issues, the volume offers advice on 'best practice' for teacher educators, university decision makers, and those involved in systemic policy decisions on teacher education. There are four sections. The first, about mathematics discipline knowledge for teaching, contains chapters on mathematics discipline knowledge from both East Asian and Western perspectives, with separate chapters addressing primary/elementary teacher education and secondary teacher education, along with a chapter on approaches for assessing this mathematics knowledge of prospective teachers. The second section describes ways of thinking about how this mathematical knowledge is used in teaching. It includes chapters on pedagogical content knowledge, on knowledge for and about mathematics curriculum structures, the way that such knowledge can be fostered with practising teachers, on a cultural analysis of mathematical content knowledge, and on beliefs about mathematics and mathematics teaching. The third section outlines frameworks for researching issues of equity, diversity and culture in teaching mathematics. The fourth section contains a description of an approach to methods of researching mathematics

Promoting a clearer understanding of the role of schools in developing democratic dispositions among young citizens is a matter of importance across the world. This is because school is believed to be the best place where future free and democratic citizens can be prepared. Similarly, it is a place where young people are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge that will assist them in deliberating democratically, developing a better understanding of political structures and economic and world history, and learning the relevant numeracy, literacy and critical thinking skills. Unfortunately, current teacher education programmes appear to represent potential stumbling blocks to schooling playing a greater role in educating the youth for democracy and democratic citizenship. This study explored two contradictory theoretical roles for mathematics teacher education programmes, in relation to power and control in education and society. The first is that, in reality, mathematics teacher education is essentially re-productive, in that its authoritarian relationship does not encourage confrontational discussion or critique, or challenge existing and dominant practices. The second is that, in a world where democracy is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon central to development, teacher education is (or should be) essentially democratic in nature. Thus, underpinned by the interpretivist paradigm, this study employed a qualitative research approach. It also utilised a case study design as a strategy for data collection, in order to explore how the mathematics teacher education programmes in South African universities prepare learners for democratic citizenship. As such, three universities in two provinces in South Africa participated in the study, and data were collected through interviews, observation and document reviews. At each institution, interviews were carried out with mathematics teacher educators and pre-service mathematics student teachers in their second to fourth year of study. Similarly, observations took place in different teaching sessions at each institution, and in different formats. Relevant documents were also reviewed for the study. The research findings revealed that the concepts of democracy and democratic citizenship are multifaceted. The participants' understanding of these concepts was influenced by their individual expectations, as well as their social, political and economic environments, among many other factors. In addition, it was evident that mathematics teacher education programmes play a significant role in developing socially active citizens and democratic mathematics teachers. The research findings revealed, however, that contradictions exist between pedagogical approaches that are capable of developing democratic citizens, mathematics teacher educators' ideal image of their practices within the classroom, and the participants' conception of mathematics. As a result, no engagement occurs in social and critical pedagogy within mathematics education classrooms, to allow learners to view mathematics as a tool for confronting issues of justice and inequality in their community and the world at large. The research findings also revealed that the practices of the main structures which are tasked with the responsibility of promoting democratic practices within higher education institutions seem ineffective, as a result of favouritism and an autocratic approach to decision making. Based on the research findings, a recommendation is made that mathematics educators democratise their classrooms, in order to develop democratic citizens who are committed to democratic principles. Another recommendation is that, in their mathematics classrooms, educators use a problem-posing pedagogical approach which is capable of challenging power structures, thereby empowering learners as users of mathematics. This will not be possible without a professional development programme guiding mathematics teacher educators in establishing and managing their democratic classrooms. Similarly, it is recommended that student representative councils, as the structures that are best known for supporting democratic citizenship at universities, strive to follow the basic principles of democratic governance. Finally, the researcher concluded that mathematics education and the task of preparing mathematics student teachers for democratic citizenship are of the utmost importance, if South Africans are to cultivate and maintain a democracy that contributes to a culture which fundamentally supports democratic principles. ; Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2021

Geleitwort -- Inhalt -- Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis -- 1 Einleitung - Problemaufriss -- I. Teil - Entwicklung eines theoretisch-begrifflichen Bezugs- und Beschreibungsrahmens -- 2 Problemstellung, Zielsetzung und erste methodologische Implikationen -- 2.1 Problemstellung und Zielsetzung - Implizitheit von Unterrichtsstrukturen und von dahinterliegenden Erwartungen -- 2.2 Forschungsfragen und erste methodologische Implikationen -- 3 Theoretische Grundlagen, Forschungsperspektiven und theoretische Positionen -- 3.1 Unterrichtsstrukturen

Building New Models: Rethinking and Revising ODE Model Assumptions: Paul J. Hurtado -- A Tour of the Next Generation Reproductive Number and the Next Generation of Researchers -- The Effect of External Perturbations on Ecological Oscillators: Eli E. Goldwyn -- Exploring Modeling by Programming: Insights from Numerical Experimentation: Brittany E. Bannish and Sean M. Laverty -- Simulating Bacterial Growth, Competition, and Resistance with Agent-Based Models and Laboratory Experiments: Anne E. Yust and Davida S. Smyth -- Agent-Based Modeling in Undergraduate Biology: A Few Examples: Alexandra Ballow, Lindsey Chludzinski, and Alicia Prieto-Langarica -- Network Structure and Dynamics of Biological Systems: Deena Schmidt -- What Are The Chances? -Hidden Markov Models: Angela B. Shiflet, George W. Shiflet, Mario Cannataro, Pietro Hiram Guzzi, Chiara Zucco, Dmitry A. Kaplun -- Using Neural Networks to Identify Bird Species from Birdsong Samples: Russell Houpt, Mark Pearson, Paul Pearson, Taylor Rink, Sarah Seckler, Darin Stephenson, and Allison VanderStoep -- Using Regularized Singularities to Model Stokes Flow: A Study of Fluid Dynamics Induced by Metachronal Ciliary Waves: Elizabeth L. Bouzarth, Kevin R. Hutson, Zachary L. Miller, and Mary Elizabeth Saine.

Why do we believe that aging is the cause of most of our problems as we get older? Age and aging actually have much less to do with it than you think. Live Young, Think Young, Be Young challenges our assumptions and beliefs about aging, and provides a fresh, new understanding of how and why we grow old. It will make you think differently about little things in your daily life that accelerate the three "mega" causes of getting old. In the end, this book is about courage and resilience-the courage to change what can be changed and the resilience to accept what can't be changed. Together, they pr